{"schemaVersion":1,"recordType":"legal-article","id":"law:eri:code:penal:2015:article:12","workId":"law:eri:code:penal:2015","expressionId":"law:eri:code:penal:2015:en","title":"Elements of Criminal Fault","number":"12","language":"en","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/12/","hierarchy":{"part":"PART I — THE GENERAL PART","book":"BOOK I — OFFENCES AND THE OFFENDER","title":null,"chapter":"Chapter 3. — Elements of Criminal Responsibility"},"paragraphs":[{"id":"p1","number":"1","text":"No person shall be found guilty for an act penalized by law where it was performed or occurred without there being any criminal guilt on his part and was caused by force majeure, or occurred by accident.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/12/#p1","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":35,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/35/?article=12&paragraph=p1#article-12-p1"}]},{"id":"p2","number":"2","text":"Except where an offence is expressly defined as an offence of strict liability, the definition of a required element of fault in any offence shall include intent or negligence.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/12/#p2","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":35,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/35/?article=12&paragraph=p2#article-12-p2"}]},{"id":"p3","number":"3","text":"Unless expressly provided otherwise, the required element of fault in any offence applies to all elements of conduct in the definition of the offence.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/12/#p3","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":35,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/35/?article=12&paragraph=p3#article-12-p3"}]},{"id":"p4","number":"4","text":"Nothing in this Article shall be a bar to civil proceedings.","canonicalUrl":"https://eriatlas.com/law/penal-code-2015/article/12/#p4","sourceTargets":[{"sourceId":"penal-code-2015-en","pdfPage":35,"url":"https://eriatlas.com/sources/penal-code-2015/page/35/?article=12&paragraph=p4#article-12-p4"}]}],"caution":"English-language 2015 Ministry of Justice edition. Refworld catalogues this English expression as an unofficial translation; Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation."}