In applying Articles 1412 and 1413, regard shall be had to all the circumstances, including:
Civil Code
2015 English source edition · Current applicability not established.
This is the 2015 English-language edition attributed in its front matter to the Ministry of Justice. Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation, later changes, or whether the text is currently in force. Nine passages are incomplete in the available scan and are identified where they occur.
Article 1414
Relevant Circumstances · Preserved transcription; page attribution imported from the source collection. Verify against the original.
preliminary negotiations between the parties;
practices which the parties have established between themselves;
the conduct of the parties subsequent to the conclusion of the contract;
the nature and purpose of the contract;
the meaning commonly given to terms and expressions in the trade concerned; and
usages.