A person may not be compelled to reveal facts which have come to his knowledge by reason of his profession, if by revealing such facts he would betray or risk betraying the confidence which a third person has reposed in him by very reason of his profession.
Civil Code
2015 English source edition · Current applicability not established.
This is the 2015 English-language edition attributed in its front matter to the Ministry of Justice. Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation, later changes, or whether the text is currently in force. Nine passages are incomplete in the available scan and are identified where they occur.
Article 23
Professional Secrecy · Preserved transcription; page attribution imported from the source collection. Verify against the original.
The person who has confided or disclosed such facts may ensure that they be not revealed by the person in whom he has reposed his confidence.
Nothing in this Article shall affect the relevant provisions of the Penal Code.