The party who alleges facts or rights bears the burden of proving such facts or rights. The court may shift the burden of proof in consequence of some special regulation or the demands of reasonableness and fairness to the other party or one of the other parties to the suit.
Civil Procedure Code
2015 English source edition · Current applicability not established.
This is the English-language edition published in 2015 and attributed in its front matter to the Ministry of Justice. Refworld labels it an unofficial translation. Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation, later changes, or whether the text is currently in force.
Article 191
Burden of Proof · Preserved transcription; page attribution imported from the source collection. Verify against the original.
The same shall apply to others who work with highly complicated procedures and sophisticated knowledge.