The judgment shall be in writing, signed by the member or members of the court and pronounced by the judge or presiding judge.
Civil Procedure Code
2015 English source edition · Current applicability not established.
This is the English-language edition published in 2015 and attributed in its front matter to the Ministry of Justice. Refworld labels it an unofficial translation. Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation, later changes, or whether the text is currently in force.
Article 265
Form and Pronouncement of Judgment · Preserved transcription; page attribution imported from the source collection. Verify against the original.
In case a judge is for whatever reason, such as death, sickness, transfer or retirement, is unable to sign the judgment, the judgment may be signed by any judge of the court which gave judgment or, if such court has ceased to exist, by any judge of any court to which such court was subordinate.
A judgment, when signed, may be pronounced by a judge or judges other than those who signed it.