A medical professional, attorney, clergyman, or any other person who has a duty to keep information secret because of one's profession or under any provision of law, who discloses a secret that has come to one's knowledge in the course of one's professional duties,
Penal Code
2015 English source edition · Current applicability not established.
English-language 2015 Ministry of Justice edition. Refworld catalogues this English expression as an unofficial translation; Eri Atlas has not independently verified the translation.
Article 145
Breach of Confidence · Preserved transcription; page attribution imported from the source collection. Verify against the original.
is guilty of breach of confidence, a Class 9 serious offence, punishable with a definite term of imprisonment of not less than 1 year and not more than 3 years.
It shall not be a defense that the offender is no longer employed in the position or engaged in the activity that gave rise to the duty of confidentiality or secrecy.
No person shall be found guilty where:
the information became public by means not attributable to the offender before the offender revealed the secret or confidential information;
the information was revealed pursuant to a law or an order of a Court of law or other competent authority; or
the person or authority for whom the information is being kept confidential or secret has expressly authorized the disclosure.