Article 136

Privileged communications may not be introduced in evidence by any person unless the person or entity whose communications are protected by privilege informs the Court that the privilege is voluntarily waived, in whole or in part, with respect to those communications.

In accordance with this Article, the following persons may assert a privilege over communications that would otherwise be relevant and admissible at trial under the provisions of this Chapter:

any person, in communication with his or her spouse;

a child in communication with one of his parents, including any person recognized in law as standing in loco parentis in relation to that child;

a parent, including any person recognized in law as standing in loco parentis, in communication with his child

a patient, in communication with a physician for the purpose of therapeutic treatment;

a client, in communication with his counsel for the purpose of obtaining legal advice;

a penitent or parishioner, in communication with his spiritual adviser for the purpose of obtaining pastoral or spiritual guidance; or

a member of the national government, concerning communications relating to matters of national security.